Desafío
Las condiciones climáticas varían en tiempo y espacio. Sin embargo, en las últimas décadas el clima está sufriendo cambios drásticos y repentinos como nunca antes se había observado. Nuestro desafío radica en comprender los aspectos negativos y positivos del cambio climático y cómo reaccionar y adaptarnos a estos cambios de la manera más eficaz posible.
El cambio climático puede alterar el ciclo hidrológico de muchas maneras. Los cambios en los patrones temporales y espaciales de la lluvia tendrán consecuencias en la generación de escorrentías y en el régimen fluvial de los ríos, en el almacenamiento y disponibilidad de aguas superficiales y subterráneas, en las demandas de agua de los cultivos, en la pérdida de tierras fértiles por erosión del suelo, y en el aumento de las frecuencias de eventos hidroclimáticos extremos (sequías, inundaciones y olas de calor) en diferentes partes del mundo. Las temperaturas aumentarán, por lo que los requerimientos de agua para satisfacer las demandas de los cultivos aumentarán lo que provocará un incremento en la presión sobre los recursos hídricos. El riego, la agricultura de secano, la energía hidroeléctrica, el suministro de agua y el saneamiento se verán afectados, lo que provocará cambios en la salud humana, la riqueza y la seguridad hídrica y alimentaria de las poblaciones. Por el lado de la demanda, a medida que crecen las poblaciones y aumentan sus niveles de ingresos, es previsible que la demanda de recursos hídricos cambiará sustancialmente en espacio y tiempo.
El efecto neto de estos cambios en el lado de la oferta y la demanda presentará desafíos importantes para la gestión futura de los recursos hídricos para el desarrollo humano y del ecosistema. La gestión de la demanda, cuyo objetivo es regular las extracciones a niveles sostenibles mediante la adopción de técnicas de modernización y ahorro de agua, y de asignación óptima de recursos, será cada vez más importante en áreas con importantes niveles de escasez hídrica y fuerte competencia entre sectores productivos. La gestión del lado de la oferta se convertirá en una prioridad donde es probable que la disponibilidad de recursos interanual cambie significativamente y donde las poblaciones sean más vulnerables. La gestión del lado de la oferta, en general, implica garantizar el suministro de agua mediante el aumento de la capacidad de almacenamiento, incremento de las extracciones de recursos superficiales y subterráneos, la mejora de los sistemas de captación de agua de lluvia o de fomento de la recarga de acuíferos, y la generación de recursos no convencionales derivado del tratamiento de aguas residuales o la desalación de agua de mar.
Enfoque FutureWater
FutureWater desarrolla y aplica métodos y herramientas innovadores para estudiar y proporcionar servicios de asesoramiento sobre cambio climático y recursos hídricos. Una de las fortalezas de FutureWater radica en el uso de metodologías específicas (existentes o de nuevo desarrollo) para cada proyecto en particular. Esta especificidad en el ajuste de las soluciones brindadas es especialmente importante durante la realización de estudios de vulnerabilidad y adaptación al cambio climático. Los ajustes se enfocan a la determinación de los parámetros climáticos más relevantes (por ejemplo, precipitación, temperatura, aumento del nivel del mar, necesidades de agua del cultivo) y sus patrones espaciales y temporales.
FutureWater tiene acceso a una amplia gama de datos climáticos, herramientas y expertos. Expertos de FutureWater han desarrollado conjuntos de datos internos, así como herramientas y métodos para acceder a otras fuentes de datos. Ejemplos típicos son las herramientas de secuencias de comandos para acceder, deducir y analizar datos climáticos de los diversos productos CMIP (Proyecto de comparación de modelos climáticos) y NASA-NEX-GDDP (Proyecciones reducidas a escala global diarias de Nasa Earth Exchange).
FutureWater ha participado en multitud de proyectos de cambio climático en el sector del agua, incluida la mitigación y la adaptación. El personal de FutureWater ha apoyado a los clientes en el desarrollo de la propuesta del GCF (Green Climate Fund). Además, se han llevado a cabo muchos proyectos que analizan el impacto y la adaptación del cambio climático en proyectos existentes y en desarrollo para clientes como el Banco Mundial, el Banco Asiático de Desarrollo, los gobiernos nacionales y locales, las organizaciones de cuenca fluvial, las fundaciones científicas, las universidades y las organizaciones de investigación.
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Pan-TPE: Changes in the Pan-Third Pole Water Tower
The proposed research targets changes in climate, water supply and demand, and suitable adaptation measures for green development of the Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) in the river basins crossed by the SREB transect. Given the strong role of large scale hydrology in the proposed research activities, the spatial domain...
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Evaluación del riesgo climático usando el Marco del Árbol de Decisión para dos proyectos hídricos en Kenia y Nepal
La novedosa metodología del Marco del Árbol de Decisión (DTF) del Banco Mundial se emplea para evaluar los riesgos climáticos versus otros riesgos no climáticos asociados a dos inversiones planificadas: (1) la infraestructura de protección contra inundaciones y expansión de tierras de cultivo irrigadas en el río Nzoia (Kenia); y...
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AgriSeasonal: Seasonal Climate Services for Agriculture
Future climatic and hydrologic conditions have significant impacts for selecting crops varieties, planning the growing season and ensuring water supply during the irrigation period. To the present day, monthly to yearly decisions in agriculture rely on past climate observations. This practice is going to fail more frequently in the context...
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Climate Risk Assessment: Yanji City China
Jilin Yanji Low-Carbon Climate-Resilient Urban Development in China is supported by the Asian Development Bank. In the context of this investment project FutureWater will undertake a Climate Risk Assessment (CRA). The CRA will be based on the bottom-up approach where climate models (GCMs) are not the guiding boundary conditions, but...
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Hydrological and water resources assessment for the Muhazi Dam
The current infrastructure at the outlet of the large Muhazi Lake in Rwanda is highly unstable and causes a risk to the surrounding and downsteam inhabitants. The authorities want to improve this situation by building a new dyke. A feasibility and detailed designs study was performed for this new structure....
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SMART-WADI: SMART WAter Decisions for Iran
The SMART-WADI project (SMART Water Decisions for Iran), carried out by a consortium of FutureWater, IHE-Delft, and local partner EWERI, focuses on farmers who irrigate their crops with groundwater. The aim is to provide up-to-date information and advice on water productivity, irrigation and farm management. The project combines the latest...
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Climate Projections and Risk Assessment for eThekwini Municipality
C40 is supporting a small set of pilot cities develop and update their climate action planning (mitigation and adaptation) to ensure it meets 1.5°C Paris agreement level of ambition. The City of Durban (eThekwini Municipality) is one of the cities participating in the pilot. Climate Adapatation Services and FutureWater together...
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Lower Mekong: Development State of the Basin Report
The Mekong State of Basin Report is updated every 5 years serving as an important reference for the cyclic updating of the Mekong River Commission (MRC). This consultancy is supporting the development of the 2018 report focusing on the hydrology, environment and climate change chapters. The Mekong River Commission Secretariat...
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Building Climate Change Resilience in Asia’s Critical Infrastructure
Critical infrastructure in South Asia and Southeast Asia needs to become more resilient to climate change. A Technical Assistance project, supported by Asian Development Bank (ADB), looks at three key sectors: transportation, transport and water. FutureWater is responsible for the assessment of the water sector which will aim to increase...
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LAUREL: Land Use Planning for Enhanced Resilience of Landscapes
Deforestation, population growth, and climate change are only some of the challenges to sustainable landscape management in Madagascar. Severe impacts of land degradation on crop production, water availability and biodiversity are already observed and expected to exacerbate in the future. To address these challenges, the World Bank is supporting the...
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Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment of Irrigation in Kazakhstan
The government of Kazakhstan with financial support of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) is planning to upgrade and rehabilitate its irrigation sector. A detailed Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment (CRVA) has been undertaken by a consortium led by FutureWater in 2017. The team collected all available data on the project...
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Climate Resilient Water Supply System for Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan is upgrading and further developing its domestic water supply system in the western part of the country (Republic of Karakalpakstan). Tthe water supply system must be full climate proof in design and operations. The Green Climate Fund (through the Asian Development Bank) will be asked to finance the climate...
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Climate Cascades
A few years ago project Climate Cascades was initiated by a consortium consisting of the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Utrecht University, VITO (Belgium), and ALTERRA. The project aims at gaining an improved understanding on the effects of climate change on contaminants in the hydrological system....
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Capacity Building to Assess Climate Vulnerability and Adaptation Armenia
This project will build up the capacity of Armenian hydro-meteorological professionals in selecting and using models for analyzing climate change impacts and vulnerability. The focus will be on climate change impacts and vulnerability of water resources, agriculture and natural disasters. The project will enhance the professional’s capacity in i) collecting...
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Impacts of climate change and sustainable land management investments on the Upper Tana
As part of the WISE-UP to Climate project FutureWater evaluated the impacts of climate change on investments in sustainable water and land management in the Thika/Chania watershed. The previously built SWAT model for this area was used to assess the impact of land management interventions under six different climate scenarios....
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Modelización de balances de agua y asignación de recursos hídricos en Ruanda
En su esfuerzo por introducir el marco de Gestión Integrada del Territorio y el Agua, el Gobierno de Ruanda a través de la iniciativa “Agua para el crecimiento de Ruanda”, empezó a desarrollar planes de gestión de cuenca. FutureWater apoyó este esfuerzo utilizando el la plataforma de modelización WEAP para...
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Hydrological Evaluation and Ecosystem Valuation of the Lukanga Swamps
The Lukanga Swamps in Zambia are an important biodiversity area and serve as a major hydrological component of the Kafue basin. FutureWater was contracted to assess the value and contribution of the Lukanga Swamps to the Kafue Basin. FutureWater applied a combined approach of (i) remote sensing, (ii) SWAT hydrological...
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Capacitación técnica en modelización de recursos hídricos para las agencias de gestión del agua de Mozambique
Se implementó un programa de capacitación teórico-práctica diseñada a medida para fortalecer el conocimiento del personal técnico de las agencias del agua de Mozambique (ARA) y fortalecer su capacidad para asesorar a los tomadores de decisión y políticos del agua. La capacitación abarcó los conceptos teóricos sobre modelado hidrológico y...
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BRIGAID: BRIdging the GAp for Innovations in Disaster resilience
Los estudios publicados recientemente por el Panel Intergubernamental del Cambio Climático (IPCC) indican que Europa estará sometida a un mayor número de eventos hidroclimáticos extremos (inundaciones, sequías, olas de calor e incendios forestales). Sin embargo, estos estudios también identifican un gran potencial para que la comunidad científica, inversores y las empresas innoven, impulsen e implementen...
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Water2Invest Regional Demonstrator
To adapt to a changing climate governments, regional development banks, international donors and investors require information on where adaptation measures are most effective and most feasible in a specific context. To make information more easily accessible to end users, the Climate-KIC innovation project Water2Invest developed an offline and online tool....
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Hydropower Development Assessment for the Tamakoshi River Basin
The overall objective of this project is to improve the understanding of the expected impacts of climate change on water availability in the context of potential hydropower development in the Tamakoshi River Basin. Specifically, the project aims to (i) Understand the current baseline hydrological regime of the Tamakoshi River Basin,...
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Development of a Water Allocation Model of the Incomati River Basin
Two water allocation models were developed in this project as a tool to support policy evaluation and improve strategic and operational decision making procedures of ARA-Sul. WEAP (Water Evaluation And Planning) was chosen as modelling framework. Different scenarios were implemented in WEAP to show the impacts of possible changes and...
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System-Risk: A large-scale systems approach to flood risk assessment and management
System-Risk is a Marie-Skłodowska-Curie European Training Network which aims on developing and implementing a systems approach for large-scale flood risk assessment and management and provides a framework for training and career development of 15 Early Stage Researchers (ESRs). In collaboration with the Royal Meteorological Institute (KNMI), FutureWater is the hosting...
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Rainfall input data for hydrological model in the Tana Basin
The International Water Management Institute (IWMI) carried out hydrological modeling of the Tana Basin and needed improved rainfall datasets for this modeling exercise. FutureWater supported IWMI in preparing improved rainfall forcing based on the CHIRPS dataset.
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Flying Sensors for Ultra-High Resolution Flood Risk Identification at Local Scales
The outputs of this project can be summarized as providing real time dike and levee information at local scales (up to 10,000 ha) that is collected, analysed and used at the same local scale. The output is divided into two components. First, the Flying Sensor information will be used for...
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IMPREX: Mejora en la predicción y gestión de los eventos hidrológicos extremos
IMPREX parte de la base de que mejorar la comprensión de los riesgos actuales es un punto de partida eficaz para adaptarse a los cambios futuros. Teniendo en consideración las posibles trayectorias climáticas y la experiencia obtenida a lo largo de un conjunto de sectores fuertemente dependientes del agua, IMPREX evaluará la efectividad de las...
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Preliminary Study for a Payment for Watershed Services Scheme
This project pilots a Payment for Watershed Services (PWS) scheme in the Rwenzori Mountains National Park (RMNP) in Uganda. The goal of the pilot is to study the feasibility of the PWS scheme in the watersheds of the Mubuku and Nyamwamba rivers and supporting nature conservation and a healthy watershed...
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Hydrological pre-feasibility assessment for the Romuku hydropower plant, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Following the successful development of other hydropower facilities in Indonesia, a new project aims to study the potential of the “Romuku” run-of-river power plant in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. A first step is to undertake a pre-Feasibility Study which will result in a go no-go decision for a more detailed Feasibility...
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Water Resources Model for the Kenate Basin in South-Sudan
As there is an urgent need for informed decision making in ongoing and upcoming land and water resource development plans, the governments of South Sudan and the Netherlands (GoN) initiated a program for the Water Sector in Eastern Equatoria State (ProWasEES). The overall objective of this program is that “Kenate...
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Review Climate Change Hindu-Kush-Himalaya
FutureWater provided a comprehensive review study on climate change and the impacts on cryosphere, hydrological regimes and glacier lakes in the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra river basins. This review study was done in the context of future hydropower development in the region.
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Inclusive Development Paths for Healthy Red River Landscapes
Rapid land use changes in the Red River Basin threaten water resources. This project will be working in the Day River Catchment, a Red River distributary important for Hanoi, where most of these problems are manifest. The project will develop equitable and economically viable pathways for the land and water...
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ThirdEye: Flying Sensors to Support Farmers’ Decision Making
The ThirdEye project supports farmers in Mozambique and Kenya with their decision making in farm and crop management by setting up a network of flying sensors operators. Our innovation is a major transformation in farmers’ decision making regarding the application of limited resources such as water, seeds, fertilizer and labor....
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Demonstration of Remote Sensing Information for Integrated Reservoir Management in the Red River Basin in Northern Vietnam
In 2011 the Vietnamese and Dutch government signed a Memorandum of Understanding on the establishment of a Government to Government (G2G) program for improved integrated planning and monitoring of water resources for transboundary water management and disaster risk management. This project was formulated as part of the G2G trajectory towards...
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Water Allocation Model Development to Support Decision Making Procedures
Two water allocation models were developed in this project as a tool to support policy evaluation and improve strategic and operational decision making procedures of ARA-Sul, which is one of the five water management organizations in Mozambique. WEAP (Water Evaluation And Planning) was chosen as modelling framework. Different scenarios were...
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ASSET: Sistema de Contabilidad Ambiental y Económica del Agua en la Cuenca del Segura
Frente a un escenario caracterizado por una demanda creciente de recursos hídricos y una mayor presión sobre las masas de agua y los ecosistemas asociados, la Directiva Marco del Agua (DMA) exige a los estados miembros de la Unión Europea el desarrollo de Planes Hidrológicos de Cuenca en los que se cuantifiquen los balances de...
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HI-AWARE: Himalayan Adaptation, Water and Resilience
HI-AWARE aims to contribute to enhanced adaptive capacities and climate resilience of the poor and vulnerable women, men, and children living in the mountains and flood plains of the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra river basins. Research, including modeling, scoping studies, action research, and randomized control trials, is conducted at 12...
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Impacts of Climate Change in Uganda on the Water Sector
Uganda’s 2010–2015 five-year National Development Plan (NDP) recognizes that addressing the challenges of climate change is crucial to enhancing sustainable economic and social development. One of the key aims of the present study is to make an economic and social assessment of climate change impacts on the water sector in...
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Central Asia Regional Risk Assessment for Water Related Energy Sector Impacts
The objective of this study was to support the “Central Asia Regional Energy Sector Vulnerability Study” led by Industrial Economics (IEc) and funded by the World Bank, by carrying out an expanded risk assessment for water availability and water related energy sector impacts in Central Asia. The work built on...
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SWIMM: Soil Water evaluation system based on Integrated Measurements and Modelling
The main objective of the project was to support policy making, under current and future climate conditions, on optimal water management in nature reserve areas, based on uniform and consistent data collection. The project built upon knowledge developed under the “Klimaat voor Ruimte” framework and refined and demonstrated a method,...
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Mapping the Potential for Rainwater Harvesting under Various Scenarios
Identifying areas where rainwater harvesting is a feasible solution is one of the aims of the RAIN Foundation. In 2010 FutureWater and Deltares were asked by RAIN Foundation to develop maps indicating the potential for rainwater harvesting (RWH) for Mali, Senegal and Burkina Faso. FutureWater and Deltares used the same...
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Food Supply and Demand under Climate Change in the Lower Mekong Basin
In 2013 the Climate Change and Adaptation Initiative of The Mekong River Commission was developing its first report on the status of climate change in the Lower Mekong Basin. An important component of the Status Report would be the impact of climate change on the agricultural sector and the projected...
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Development of Baseline Climate Data Set and Trend Analysis in the Mekong River Basin
In 2013 the Climate Change and Adaptation Initiative of The Mekong River Commission was developing its first report on the status of climate change in the Lower Mekong Basin. An important component of this report would be to provide information on trends in the past climate. For this a detailed...
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Gridded Meteorological Datasets and Hydrological Modelling in the Upper Indus Basin
Understanding of the hydrological regimes in the mountainous Upper Indus basin (UIB) is essential for water resources management in the region. High-resolution gridded meteorological datasets, which capture the spatial variability of precipitation, are critical for modelling the hydrology of high-mountain regions. Improvements to existing gridded datasets using high-elevation station data...
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Herramientas para la evaluación de la seguridad hídrica de Colombia y posibilidades de adaptación al cambio climático
En 2011, la cuenca del Río Magdalena en Colombia fue severamente afectada por grandes inundaciones, a la misma vez que ciertas regiones de la misma padecían situaciones de severa sequía y escasez hídrica. El objetivo general del proyecto fue brindar un conjunto de herramientas de para la evaluación de los...
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Climate change indicators for Mekong River Commission
With this study, the Climate Change Adaptation Initiative (CCAI) of the Mekong River Commission (MRC) offers a review of existing monitoring systems and indicators of climate change to improve the understanding of riparian governments, relevant line agencies and others on the status and impacts of climate change. The report should...
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Water Availability Analysis for the Upper Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra River Basins
As part of the Himalayan Climate Change Adaptation Program (HICAP) ICIMOD has contracted FutureWater to generate climate change and water availability scenarios for the upstream parts of the Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra river basins based on a high resolution hydrological model that FutureWater has developed.
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Water2Invest: Climate Investment Support Portal
In this project a web-based service was built from which it is possible to select a country or region on a global map, calculate the current water availability from surface water and groundwater as well as current water demands from the three sectors (agriculture, industry, domestic) and to assess from...
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Addressing Climate Vulnerability of Africa’s Infrastructure
Climate change is expected to have important implications of the cost, design standards and location of Africa's infrastructure projects. Since what climate will actually occur will remain largely uncertain in the foreseeable future, the challenge is to develop decision making frameworks capable of leading to investment decisions that are “desirable”...
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Mainstream Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Into Agriculture in the Southern Caucasus
This study contributes to the agriculture sector climate change impact assessment and adaptation and mitigation strategy identification and evaluation. The study encompasses the three countries of the Southern Caucasus region: Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. The project also includes components for capacity building among in-country staff, and support of the World...
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DMIAT: Drought Monitoring and Impact Assessment Toolbox for Vietnam
In this project a Drought Monitoring and Impact Assessment Toolbox (DMIAT) was developed for Vietnam in order to support their drought policy. A DMIAT is a combination of remote sensing, models, and decision trees. The DMIAT will help Vietnam to better understand past and current droughts, and how to act...
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Monitoring of Glacier, Climate and Runoff in the Hindu – Kush Himalayan Mountains
For this project a review was conducted of current state of knowledge in (i) climate change datasets and downscaling used for glacier and high mountain modelling, (ii) glacier and snow contribution to river runoff in the Hindu – Kush Himalayan (HKH) region, (iii) hydrological modelling studies used for glacier and...
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Climate Adaptive Drainage
The concept of Climate Adaptive Drainage is such that regional-scale water managers and local-scale farmers co-operate on the drainage system, in order to use the farm-scale soil system as an optimal water storage system. By using the local-scale soil as a water storage reservoir during rainfall events, current peak discharges...
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Water and Adaptation Interventions in Central and West Asia
To assess the water resources availability in the Central Asia region under climate change hydrological models were developed for the two major rivers in the region, the Amu Darya and Syr Darya. Capacity building activities were undertaken to develop the capacity in each of the participating countries to use the...
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The Middle East and North Africa Regional Water Outlook
The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is considered the most water-scarce region of the world. Water investments absorb large amounts of public funds, which could often be used more efficiently elsewhere. The need for alternative and improved water management options is therefore urgently needed, but a clear overview...
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Vulnerability to Climate Change in Agricultural Systems in Europe and Central Asia
To estimate the potential physical impacts of climate change on the agricultural sector of Albania and Uzbekistan a quantitative analysis at the agro-ecological zone level was carried out. Combined with an assessment of the country’s existing adaptive capacity, this provided a baseline estimate of vulnerability to climate change in the...
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Impacts of Global Climate Change on the Water Resources of the Bunyala plains, Kenya
In this project an Integrated Water Resource Management Planning Tool for improved planning and management of sustainable food and sustainable livelihoods for the Bunyala flood plains of western Kenya was developed together with training materials for technical support in the maintenance and implementation of the planning tool and the facilitation...
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Climate Change and Hydropower, Impact and Adaptation Costs: Case Study Kenya
A rapid assessment on the impact of climate change on hydropower generation in the Tana basin in Kenya using the WEAP (Water Evaluation And Planning tool) approach was performed. The approach applied here to use a minimum and maximum climate change projection, provided decision makers with a range of options...
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Q Fever and Physical Environmental Factors
There are strong indications that the risk of infection in humans with Q fever depends on physical environmental factors such as warm weather with dry soils and a certain wind. In this study, the influence of these factors, soil type and, in particular, usage and humidity are examined, taking into...
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Scenario Based Water Resources Model to Support Policy Making
Appropriate planning in water resources, and more specifically in irrigation, is becoming increasingly important. However, policy makers and planners are often constrained by insufficient knowledge and tools to evaluate the consequences of alternative interventions. To illuminate these issues, a scenario-based policy oriented demonstration model was developed. The model focuses on...
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CEOP-AEGIS: Hydrology and meteorology of the Tibetan Plateau
This project delivered a prototype Water Balance Monitoring System (WBMS) and a three-year data set including observations of the water balance terms of the Tibetan Plateau on weekly and monthly basis. These observations contributed to clarifying the role of Plateau hydrology in the onset and intensity of the Asian Monsoon...
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Needs Assessment of Future ESA Satellites for Water Management in Southern Europe
At the beginning of the 21st century various tools based on Remote Sensing (RS) techniques from satellites to assist land management were developed. Yet, there were no real products dedicated for water management applications. However, around 2005 an increasing number of Remotely Sensed datasets and algorithms relevant to water managers...
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Climate change and water quality
In discussions on the various effects of climate change, effects on water quality often get little attention. This study contributed to an increased awareness on the water quality aspects of climate change by giving an overview of the current knowledge on the relation between climate change and water quality and...
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Adaptation to Climate Change for Agriculture in The Gambia
Methodology Development of adaptation benefit-cost framework: The framework was developed in a manner to make it possible to isolate development- and climate-related benefits and costs of individual projects and to assess the sensitivity of adaptation benefits and costs to the uncertainty inherent in regional climate change scenarios. Development of analytical tools and procedures: The project...