Concepto
A medida que avanza la tecnología, los satélites ofrecen cada vez más una fuente confiable de información distribuida espacialmente sobre una variedad de variables ambientales. Al utilizar las propiedades reflectantes de la superficie y la atmósfera de la tierra, es posible controlar (entre otros) la cobertura vegetal, la lluvia, la capa de nieve, la temperatura de la superficie terrestre y la evapotranspiración real a través del tiempo. Los sensores como Landsat ETM, MODIS, PROBA-V y Sentinel ofrecen una gama de opciones en diferentes escalas espaciales y temporales. FutureWater utiliza conjuntos de datos de acceso abierto en estudios de consultoría, para sistemas operativos de soporte de decisiones, y para alimentar, calibrar y validar modelos hidrológicos.
Los satélites ahora proporcionan un archivo de imágenes que cubre varias décadas. Estos registros históricos nos permiten identificar tendencias y patrones espaciales en diferentes factores asociados con la gestión de los recursos hídricos, como el suministro de agua, el consumo de agua y el crecimiento de los cultivos. Los cambios en la cubierta de la tierra, como la deforestación y la expansión agrícola, pueden mapearse y cuantificarse en evaluaciones de los servicios del ecosistema y la degradación de la tierra. Mediante el uso de herramientas de última generación como Google Earth Engine, analizamos estas tendencias y patrones para ayudar a los responsables políticos a identificar medidas apropiadas en diferentes ubicaciones en su área de interés. Además, FutureWater considera que los conjuntos de datos derivados de satélites son esenciales para maximizar la calidad de salida de los modelos de simulación para apoyar a los tomadores de decisiones, particularmente en áreas con escasez de datos.
Aunque los satélites solo pueden proporcionar información sobre la situación pasada, una combinación inteligente de sensores remotos y modelos de simulación proporciona una perspectiva integrada sobre la disponibilidad de agua histórica, actual y futura. Los gobiernos, las autoridades de cuenca, los agricultores y las compañías hidroeléctricas están interesados en anticiparse a eventos futuros tomando medidas oportunas y específicas. La alimentación de modelos hidrológicos con las imágenes de satélite más recientes en un contexto operativo permite la construcción de pronósticos a corto plazo basados en las condiciones actuales actuales. Varios satélites pasan con bastante frecuencia, lo que hace que sus datos sean especialmente útiles para los sistemas operativos de soporte de decisiones. Recopilamos estos datos tan pronto como estén disponibles, los procesamos utilizando nuestros modelos y difundimos la información resultante al usuario final del sistema. Las imágenes actualizadas derivadas de satélites proporcionan información sobre las condiciones reales relacionadas con los recursos hídricos y la vegetación, sin tener que visitar el campo.
Aplicaciones FutureWater
En la mayoría de nuestros proyectos, FutureWater utiliza la teledetección satelital para uno o más de los propósitos descritos anteriormente. Algunos ejemplos se dan a continuación.
FutureWater ha desarrollado una herramienta de monitoreo y evaluación de impacto de sequías llamado “Drought Monitoring and Impact Assessment Toolbox” (DMIAT) para caracterizar áreas propensas a la sequía en términos de amenaza, vulnerabilidad y riesgo de sequía, así como evaluar los impactos de un evento de sequía específico. La imagen presenta el Índice de Amenaza de sequía integrado para dos provincias en Camboya y dos en Tailandia; el resultado de un extenso análisis basado en la teledetección que involucra estadísticas de lluvia espacial, estadísticas de cobertura vegetal y temperatura de la superficie de la tierra. Puede encontrar más información sobre el proyecto aquí.
FutureWater utiliza la teledetección en las evaluaciones de los servicios de los ecosistemas, en particular los relacionados con el agua (consulte el documento técnico sobre este tema dirigido por FutureWater). Los datos satelitales se pueden integrar con modelos de simulación para cuantificar los servicios del ecosistema, como la contribución del agua durante la estación seca. El mapa muestra la cuenca del lago Inle en Myanmar, un área donde el suministro de agua en la estación seca es muy importante para mantener los niveles del lago, proporcionar agua para el consumo doméstico y agrícola, y apoyar la producción de energía hidroeléctrica. Al integrar diferentes fuentes de datos satelitales y el modelo de servicios del ecosistema InVEST, FutureWater mapeó los servicios del ecosistema en la región del Lago Inle para apoyar la toma de decisiones sobre políticas de conservación de la naturaleza por una autoridad de gestión de cuenca recientemente creada. Puede encontrar más información sobre el proyecto aquí.
La combinación de datos de teledetección con modelos de simulación también puede admitir estrategias de gestión sostenible de la tierra (SLM). En áreas con datos de campo escasamente disponibles, los satélites son a menudo la única fuente disponible para proporcionar datos actualizados, desglosados espacialmente. El mapa a la izquierda muestra la tasa de erosión promedio anual de la cuenca de Bealanana en Madagascar, producida diariamente por el modelo SPHY. El alto nivel de detalle espacial de este mapa es posible gracias a la integración de conjuntos de datos derivados de satélites sobre la dinámica de la vegetación, la cobertura del suelo y el terreno. Con un modelo de simulación confiable, validado, entre otros, por datos de evapotranspiración derivados de satélites, es posible ejecutar diferentes escenarios de SLM y evaluar el impacto en la erosión y el rendimiento de sedimentos, p. medidas de reforestación, agroforestería y terrazas. Puede encontrar más información sobre el proyecto aquí.
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The SMART-WADI project (SMART Water Decisions for Iran), carried out by a consortium of FutureWater, IHE-Delft, and local partner EWERI, focuses on farmers who irrigate their crops with groundwater. The aim is to provide up-to-date information and advice on water productivity, irrigation and farm management. The project combines the latest...
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Agricultural Water Consumption in the Australian Border Rivers Catchment
FutureWater was hired to use satellite-derived data to provide a preliminary spatiotemporal assessment of water consumption across the Border Rivers catchment, one of the MDB catchments where excessive agricultural water use is an urgent issue. For relevant specific lots / properties, monthly water consumption dynamics were evaluated. This study is...
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Remote Sensing Course in Angola
The project "Knowledge-to-Knowledge" (K2K), aims to strengthen and enhance the capacity of the main Angolan knowledge institutions in agricultural sciences, to establish a strong relate between knowledge and practice. FutureWater collaborates with Wageningen University on giving a training on remote sensing and GIS techniques in agricultural applications and services to...
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Climate Projections and Risk Assessment for eThekwini Municipality
C40 is supporting a small set of pilot cities develop and update their climate action planning (mitigation and adaptation) to ensure it meets 1.5°C Paris agreement level of ambition. The City of Durban (eThekwini Municipality) is one of the cities participating in the pilot. Climate Adapatation Services and FutureWater together...
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MRC Mekong State of the Basin Report 2018: China and Myanmar
The Upper Mekong Basin has seen rapid economic development, radical land use changes and extensive hydropower development on the mainstream. FutureWater was hired by the Mekong River Commission to evaluate hydrological, environmental, economic and social indicators of the Upper Mekong Basin in China and Myanmar. Current status and trends in...
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NL-RIA: Satellite-based altimetry data for hydrological assessments
A Dutch consortium has joined in the project “Dutch network on small spaceborne radar instruments and applications (NL-RIA)”, led by TU Delft. The objective is to bundle the radar-related knowhow available in The Netherlands, and fill the knowledge gaps, in order to boost SmallSat radar-based Earth Observation technology. The task...
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TWIGA: Transforming Weather Water data into value-added Information services for sustainable Growth in Africa
TWIGA aims to provide actionable geo-information on weather, water, and climate in Africa through innovative combinations of new in situ sensors and satellite-based geo-data. With the foreseen new services, TWIGA expects to reach twelve million people within the four years of the project, based on sustainable business models. The TWIGA...
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Remote Sensing for Land Suitability Assessment in Angola
The government of Angola considers the agricultural sector as an economic sector that offers great prospects and therefore aims to further develop the agricultural sector in order to diversify its economy. The potential for expanding the area under production is great. To support the effective planning of interventions that increase...
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LAUREL: Land Use Planning for Enhanced Resilience of Landscapes
Deforestation, population growth, and climate change are only some of the challenges to sustainable landscape management in Madagascar. Severe impacts of land degradation on crop production, water availability and biodiversity are already observed and expected to exacerbate in the future. To address these challenges, the World Bank is supporting the...
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Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment of Irrigation in Kazakhstan
The government of Kazakhstan with financial support of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) is planning to upgrade and rehabilitate its irrigation sector. A detailed Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment (CRVA) has been undertaken by a consortium led by FutureWater in 2017. The team collected all available data on the project...
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Climate Resilient Water Supply System for Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan is upgrading and further developing its domestic water supply system in the western part of the country (Republic of Karakalpakstan). Tthe water supply system must be full climate proof in design and operations. The Green Climate Fund (through the Asian Development Bank) will be asked to finance the climate...
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Leapfrogging Delta Management: Showcase operational rainfall monitoring
Significant decisions are to be made to manage and engineer the water systems in Myanmar and to develop large structural and non-structural projects (e.g. hydropower dams, urban water use, industrial development, extension of irrigation capacity, operational quantity and quality management, etc.). The Myanmar and Dutch governments have agreed to cooperate...
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DAISY2: Daring Applications and Innovations in Sensor sYstems
DAISY2 builds on the success of the DAISY project in which a compact and mobile sensor system was developed aimed at different socio-economic applications like e.g. security, life-sciences, transport, logistics, and agro-food. Within DAISY2 we aim to further develop this sensor system and explore the viability of this products for...
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Hydropower Development Assessment for the Tamakoshi River Basin
The overall objective of this project is to improve the understanding of the expected impacts of climate change on water availability in the context of potential hydropower development in the Tamakoshi River Basin. Specifically, the project aims to (i) Understand the current baseline hydrological regime of the Tamakoshi River Basin,...
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IMPREX: Mejora en la predicción y gestión de los eventos hidrológicos extremos
IMPREX parte de la base de que mejorar la comprensión de los riesgos actuales es un punto de partida eficaz para adaptarse a los cambios futuros. Teniendo en consideración las posibles trayectorias climáticas y la experiencia obtenida a lo largo de un conjunto de sectores fuertemente dependientes del agua, IMPREX evaluará la efectividad de las...
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Review Climate Change Hindu-Kush-Himalaya
FutureWater provided a comprehensive review study on climate change and the impacts on cryosphere, hydrological regimes and glacier lakes in the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra river basins. This review study was done in the context of future hydropower development in the region.
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Demonstration of Remote Sensing Information for Integrated Reservoir Management in the Red River Basin in Northern Vietnam
In 2011 the Vietnamese and Dutch government signed a Memorandum of Understanding on the establishment of a Government to Government (G2G) program for improved integrated planning and monitoring of water resources for transboundary water management and disaster risk management. This project was formulated as part of the G2G trajectory towards...
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HI-AWARE: Himalayan Adaptation, Water and Resilience
HI-AWARE aims to contribute to enhanced adaptive capacities and climate resilience of the poor and vulnerable women, men, and children living in the mountains and flood plains of the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra river basins. Research, including modeling, scoping studies, action research, and randomized control trials, is conducted at 12...
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Central Asia Regional Risk Assessment for Water Related Energy Sector Impacts
The objective of this study was to support the “Central Asia Regional Energy Sector Vulnerability Study” led by Industrial Economics (IEc) and funded by the World Bank, by carrying out an expanded risk assessment for water availability and water related energy sector impacts in Central Asia. The work built on...
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OWASIS-UK: Observatory of Water Availability – System of Integrated Services
The main objective of this study is to explore the potential to combine optical and gravity data from Earth Observation with meteorological data, together with innovative in situ sensors, hydrological modelling and crowd sourcing technologies, and the advanced visualization of the information through situation awareness platforms and decision support tools,...
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Gridded Meteorological Datasets and Hydrological Modelling in the Upper Indus Basin
Understanding of the hydrological regimes in the mountainous Upper Indus basin (UIB) is essential for water resources management in the region. High-resolution gridded meteorological datasets, which capture the spatial variability of precipitation, are critical for modelling the hydrology of high-mountain regions. Improvements to existing gridded datasets using high-elevation station data...
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Online field-scale irrigation management for Romania
In this project a field-scale irrigation planning and management system was setup and tested. The basis for this system is formed by online in-situ ground data on soil moisture content and hydrological model calculations of the root zone and shallow subsoil. Weather stations and soil moisture sensors were installed at...
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Mainstream Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Into Agriculture in the Southern Caucasus
This study contributes to the agriculture sector climate change impact assessment and adaptation and mitigation strategy identification and evaluation. The study encompasses the three countries of the Southern Caucasus region: Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. The project also includes components for capacity building among in-country staff, and support of the World...
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Monitoring of Glacier, Climate and Runoff in the Hindu – Kush Himalayan Mountains
For this project a review was conducted of current state of knowledge in (i) climate change datasets and downscaling used for glacier and high mountain modelling, (ii) glacier and snow contribution to river runoff in the Hindu – Kush Himalayan (HKH) region, (iii) hydrological modelling studies used for glacier and...
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Assessment of the Irrigation Potential in Nile Countries in Central Africa
In order to fill gaps in the Nile Basin Initiative and member country information bases on agricultural water use the irrigation potential of seven Nile countries was assessed. This project consisted of several consecutive steps, in which hydrological modelling, the use of remote sensed data, ArcGIS analyses, consultation workshops and...
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Irrigation Potential Lake Victoria, Tanzania
A study was undertaken to evaluate and rank five potential irrigation schemes in the Tanzania part of the Lake Victoria Basin. The study focused on the following five thematic areas: (i) land suitability, (ii) water resources assessment, (iii) water requirements, (iv) environmental considerations, and (v) institutional aspects.
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Remote Sensing and Hydrological Modelling of the Rio Bravo, Aguascalientes and Central Northern Valleys
The project has shown how modern analytical tools such Remote Sensing, GIS and simulation models can help to swiftly obtain data to support the water management decision making process. A diagnosis of the Rio Bravo and Northern Central Aquifers has been made to demonstrate management options as well as how...
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Adaptation to Climate Change for Agriculture in The Gambia
Methodology Development of adaptation benefit-cost framework: The framework was developed in a manner to make it possible to isolate development- and climate-related benefits and costs of individual projects and to assess the sensitivity of adaptation benefits and costs to the uncertainty inherent in regional climate change scenarios. Development of analytical tools and procedures: The project...